{Introduction}{Methods}{Results}{Conclusions}{Future Study}{Aerial Photo}{Digital Elevation Map}
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Climate
The climate at the Hartnett Site is temperate continental (Dfb according to the Koppen classification system). Climate date for Dunn county is supplied in the tables below. Definitions Average Temperature is the monthly mean of the daily (24 hour) temperature. Average Maximum Temperature is the monthly mean of the maximum daily temperature. Average Minimum Temperature is the monthly mean of the minimum daily temperature. In winter, the average temperature is 16.8 degrees F and the average daily minimum temperature is 6.7 degrees. The lowest temperature on record, which occurred at Menomonie on February 3, 1996, was -40 degrees. In summer, the average temperature is 69.7 degrees and the average daily maximum temperature is 82.4 degrees. The highest temperature, which occurred at Menomonie on August 2, 1964, was 101 degrees. Averages (Fahrenheit)
Daily
Extremes (Fahrenheit)
PrecipitationDefinition: Average Rainfall is the mean monthly precipitation, including rain, snow, hail etc. The average annual total precipitation is about 29.29 inches. Of this, about 18.8 inches, or 64 percent, usually falls in May through September. The growing season for most crops falls within this period. The heaviest 1-day rainfall during the period of record was 4.72 inches at Menomonie on August 31, 1977. Thunderstorms occur on about 37 days each year, and most occur between May and August. Averages (inches)
Snow (inches): The average seasonal snowfall is 41.9 inches. The greatest snow depth at any one time during the period of record was 40 inches recorded on February 5, 1971. On an average, 98 days per year have at least 1 inch of snow on the ground. The heaviest 1-day snowfall on record was 11.7 inches recorded on December 19, 1968.
Snowfall
Number of Days Precipitation Exceeds Indicated Amounts
Growing
Degree Days Date of Last Spring Occurrence
Date
of First Fall Occurrence
Growing Season: Based on the average length of growing season using three index temperatures at 10, 20, 50, 80, and 90% probabilities. Daily
Minimum Temperature During Growing Season
Information regarding weather data was recorded for the period 1961-90 at : MENOMONIE SEWAGE PLANT, WI |
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Vegetation
Dunn County Vegetation
http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/at/et/geo/map_gal/landcov/orgveg.htm In 1965 Dunn
County land cover consisted mainly of deciduous mixed forest (Aspen,
Basswood, Bur Oak, Black Oak, Elm, Sugar Maple, and White Oak), prairie,
and agricultural land. A
full Dunn County land cover map can be seen at: http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/at/et/geo/map_gal/landcov/lulc.htm The Hartnett site (red dot) is located within the Southwestern Upland Natural Division. Vegetation cover consists of Oak Savannahs, Deciduous hardwood forests, and Prairies. The Natural Division map can be viewed at: http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/at/et/geo/map_gal/landcov/lulc.htm |
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Geologic History
Precambrian and the Paleozoic rocks make up the bedrock of Wisconsin. Glacial deposits, which include clay, sand, and gravel, cover bedrock in the northern and eastern three-fifths of the state. The southwestern part of the state, also called the Driftless Area is the only part of the state that was never glaciated. In the Dunn County area, the bedrock is Cambrian sandstone with some dolomite and shale. More specifically it is part of the Mt. Simon formation, a medium to coarse-grained quartz-rich sandstone. In the Pleistocene period, glaciers entered the area from the north. Large volumes of meltwater emanating from retreating glaciers at the end of the last glaciation, carved deep wide river valleys and deposited extensive sandy and gravelly deposits. The Wissota Terrace, located along the margins of the Chippewa River valley, is one such deposit. |
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Dunn County vegetation in the 1830's consisted mostly
of prairies and mixed conifer and deciduous forests which included: