2005-2006 UNIVERSITY CATALOGUE

BIOL - Biology

100 General Biology
4 crs (2-3). F, Sp.
GE-IIA; LS
No credit toward biology major or minor. This course cannot serve as a prerequisite for 300 level biology courses.
Explores fundamental principles of ecology, genetics, evolution, organism structure and function. Some lab sections are specially designed for elementary/special education students who are likely to pursue a career in fields other than the biological or medical sciences.

110 Ecology and Evolution
4 crs (3-3). F, Sp.
GE-IIA; LS
Good performance in high school biology and mathematics.
Introduction to the principles, patterns, and processes that have shaped the evolution of organisms and their interactions with the environment.

111 Essentials of Cell Biology and Genetics
4 crs (3-3). F, Sp.
P: Biol 110; Chem 103 or 115 or concurrent enrollment
GE-IIA; LS
No credit if taken after BIOL 201
Good performance in high school biology and chemistry.
An exploration of the fundamental principles upon which life is based. Emphasis on molecular/cell biology and genetics.

130 Human Sexual Biology
3 crs (3-0). F, Sp.
GE-IIA
Credit may not be earned in both BIOL 130 and WMNS 130
No credit toward biology major or minor
Structure, function, control, and coordination of the human reproductive organ system. Formation and function of sex cells. Problems of lactation, fertility, sterility, sexuality, birth control challenges, and human population.

151 Biology of Humans
4 crs (3-2). F, Sp.
GE-IIA; LS
No credit if credit earned in BIOL 202
No credit toward biology major or minor. NOTE: No credit in BIOL 214, Anatomy and Physiology, if taken after BIOL 151.
Basic principles and processes of the human body. Emphasis on human origin and evolution, biomolecules, cells, organ systems and disorders, reproduction, genetics, and the role of humans in the biosphere.

160 Biology of Aging
3 crs (3-0). V.
GE-IIA
No credit toward biology major or minor
An examination of the biological aspects of aging at the cellular, organ system, and organismal level. Covers development, differentiation, and senescence of most organ systems of the body plus techniques for their study.

180 Conservation of the Environment
3 crs (3-0). F, Sp.
GE-IIA
No credit if taken after GEOG 178
No credit toward biology major or minor
An introduction to natural resource conservation. Problems associated with the use and abuse of America’s resources are studied in an ecological framework. Resource management methods are explored.

181 Conservation of the Environment Lab
1 cr (0-2). V.
GE-IIA; LS; SL-Optional
Must be taken with BIOL 180
Special course fee required
No credit toward biology major or minor. Field trip(s) required
Laboratory science course intended to be taken with BIOL 180, Conservation of the Environment, in order to receive laboratory science credit. Labs and field trips have students explore problems and solutions associated with environmental and conservation of natural resource issues.

190 Fundamentals of Ecology
3 crs (3-0).
GE-IIA
No credit toward biology major or minor. Off-campus offering.
A survey of ecology for students without a background in biology. Major topics include species ecology, populations, vegetation and succession, nutrient and energy flow, types of biomes, and effects of humans.

191 First Year Seminar
1 cr (1-0). F.
Not for GE
For new first semester freshmen only
Students are introduced to the university, the biology program, and the discipline of biology in a small seminar setting.

194 Current Environmental Problems
3 crs (3-0).
GE-IIA
No credit toward biology major or minor. Off-campus offering.
Explores the relationship among the ecological, ethical, and socio-political-economic connections behind our environmental crises. Both local and global problems and solutions are addressed.

195 Plants and Society
4 crs (3-2). F, Sp.
GE-IIA; LS
No credit toward biology major or minor
An introduction to the biology of plants and their use by humans for food, beverage, spices, commercial products, and medicine.

196 Human Nutrition
3 crs (2-1). F, Sp.
GE-IIA; W
No credit if taken after BIOL 354
No credit toward biology major or minor
Makeup, digestion, functions, and utilization of nutrients. Scientific, sensible, satiating ways of meeting requirements.

211 Organismal Form and Function
5 crs (3-4). F, Sp.
P: Biol 111
Not for GE
Using concepts introduced in the first two courses in the introductory biology sequence, students will further develop their laboratory, reading, and critical thinking skills by learning about and experimenting on plants and animals.

214 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
4 crs (3-2). F, Sp, Su.
P: Chem 103 or 115 with a grade of C or above
GE-IIA; LS
No credit if taken after BIOL 151
No credit toward biology major or minor
The fundamentals of bodily function are studied at the cellular, tissue, organ, and organ system levels. Integration of physiological function and anatomical structure will be highlighted in the skeletal, muscular, nervous, and endocrine systems.

250 Microbiology
3 crs (3-0). F, Sp.
P: BIOL 214 and one semester of college chemistry
GE-IIA
No credit if credit has been earned in BIOL 351 or BIOL 361
No credit toward biology major or minor
Study of the attributes of several microbial groups and their interactions with human systems in the disease process.

291 Special Topics in Introductory Biology
1-3 crs.
P: Concurrent registration in BIOL 110 or consent of
instructor
Not for GE
Instructor approval required
Biological topics of current and special interest not typically covered in an introductory biology course, and of special interest to students and faculty.

296 Teaching Experience
1-2 crs. F, Wi, Sp, Su.
P: Eight credits in biology, with a 3.00 GPA including
the course in which the teaching experience will
occur; limited to biology majors
SL-Full; Not for GE
S/U only grade basis
Course may be taken for a maximum of 4 credits
No more than two credits can be counted toward a biology major or minor. A total of four credits may be taken between this course and BIOL 496.
Instructor approval required
Experience for qualified students, selected and supervised by faculty members, to facilitate teaching and learning in a specific course. Students enhance their knowledge of biology and their ability to communicate that knowledge to other students.

300 /500 Genetics
4 crs (4-2). F, Sp.
P: BIOL 211 or 201 or 312 or 316 or consent of
instructor; and MATH 109 with a grade of C or above
Not for GE
Basic principles of heredity and variation; genetic systems, structure and roles of nucleic acids, mutation, allelism, genes in development, genes in populations, and genetics in human life; genetic engineering and genomics.

301 /501 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
4 crs (2-4). F, Sp.
P: BIOL 211, or 312, or 102
Not for GE
Structure, function, and evolution of chordate organ systems. Dissection of lamprey, shark, and cat.

302 /502 Cell Biology
3 crs (3-0). Sp.
P: BIOL 111 or 201; and CHEM 104 or 115
Not for GE
Structure, function, and molecular organization of cells and cell organelles.

304 /504 Molecular Biology
4 crs (4-0). F, Sp.
P: BIOL 300; CHEM 104 or 115
Not for GE
Current concepts and methodologies of molecular biology presented in an experimental framework. Emphasis on current techniques, DNA replication, and gene regulation at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels.

308 /508 Evolution
3 crs (3-0). Sp.
P: BIOL 111 or 300, or concurrent registration
Not for GE
Credit may not be earned in both BIOL 308 and BIOL 310
An introduction to evolution, including: origin and impact of the theory of evolution, origin of life, genetics and natural selection, molecular evolution, speciation, adaptation, systematics, fossil record, biogeography, species interactions, and human evolution.

309 Women in the Life Sciences
2 crs (2-0). F.
GE-IIA
Cross-listed with WMNS 309
Credit may not be earned in both BIOL 309 and WMNS 309
Minimum junior standing
Reading and discussion about women and their contributions in biological sciences and related fields.

310 Human Evolution
3 crs (3-0).
GE-IIA
Credit may not be earned in both BIOL 308 and BIOL 310
Off-campus offering
Evolution as the unifying concept of biology and relation to other disciplines. Probable origin and evolution of life. Application to the present human and ecological predicament. Consideration of the future of humankind.

311 /511 General Entomology
4 crs (2-4). F.
P: BIOL 100, or 211, or 312, or 102
Not for GE
Field trip(s) required
Study of the structure, function, diversity, ecology, and management of insects. Field collection and laboratory identification of terrestrial and aquatic insects of Wisconsin.

314 Human Anatomy and Physiology II
4 crs (3-2). F, Sp.
P: BIOL 214 or 313 with a grade of C or above
Not for GE
No credit if taken after BIOL 303
Minimum sophomore standing
Only five credits of BIOL 303 or BIOL 313 and BIOL 314 can be counted toward the biology major or minor.
The fundamentals of bodily function are studied at the cellular, tissue, organ, and organ system levels. Integration of physiological function and anatomical structure will be highlighted in the cardiovascular, respiratory, excretory, digestive, and reproductive systems.

317 /517 Animal Physiology
4 crs (3-3). V.
P: BIOL 211 or 312; one year of chemistry
Not for GE
Analysis of animal function using physical and chemical principles; homeostatic regulation of the internal environment of animals.

320 Studies in Tropical Environments
3 crs (1-4). Wi, Su.
GE-IIA; LS
Instructor approval required
Extended travel to study the biological diversity and natural history of terrestrial and aquatic organisms from a tropical environment. Emphasis on human impacts to tropical ecosystems.

322 /522 Plant Anatomy
4 crs (2-4). F.
P: BIOL 211, or 316, or 103
Not for GE
The development and structure of cells, tissue, and organs; the structure and growth of meristems; comparative anatomy of stems, roots, and leaves of vascular plants.

325 /525 Taxonomy of Vascular Plants
4 crs (2-4). F.
P: BIOL 110 or 103
Not for GE
Field trip(s) required
Principles of plant taxonomy including classification, description, identification, and nomenclature; survey of vascular plant diversity with emphasis on flowering plant families of Wisconsin. Field study of local autumn flora.

326 /526 Economic Botany
3 crs (3-0). V.
P: BIOL 211, or 316, or 103
GE-IIA
Plants upon which civilization is dependent for food, spices, fiber, shelter, fuel, medicine, and industrial products. Emphasis is on plant biology, use of plants, and relationship of plants to human cultures.

328 /528 Conservation Biology
3 crs (3-0). Sp.
P: BIOL 180, or 194, or GEOG 178; and BIOL 110, or 330,
or 338, or 376
Not for GE
Scientific basis for restoring, maintaining, and protecting biological diversity. Explore worldwide efforts in research, education, and advocacy aimed at conserving genes, species, and ecosystems and their ecological and evolutionary processes.

329 /529 Field Experience in Conservation Biology
1 cr (0-2). Sp.
SL-Full; Not for GE; CP
S/U only grade basis
Concurrent enrollment in BIOL 328 is preferred; can be taken as a prerequisite. Limited to Environmental Science minors majoring in biology, geology, or geography. One required weekend field trip. Capstone for Environmental Science minors.
Instructor approval required
Group participation and collaboration with a community organization in hands-on work experience protecting Wisconsin biodiversity through projects in habitat restoration, research, and education.

330 /530 Population Ecology
4 crs (3-2). F.
P: MATH 114 and BIOL 211 or 312 and 316
Not for GE
Field trip(s) required
Emphasis on theory and empirical research concerning the dynamics and regulation of managed and natural populations. Application of field methods to sample populations and mathematical techniques to study population patterns.

331 Trees and Shrubs
3 crs (2-2). F.
P: BIOL 103, 110, or 195
Not for GE
Field study first seven weeks
Field study of native and ornamental trees and shrubs. Classification and identification of major North American trees. Introduction to structure, physiology, and ecology of trees.

332 /532 Field Botany
3 crs (2-2). Su.
P: BIOL 103 or 110
Not for GE
Field trip(s) required
Field study of the flora and vegetation of Wisconsin. Includes sight recognition of plants, identification of unknown plants using keys, plant communities, an introduction to plant taxonomy, and specimen preparation.

333 /533 Plant Physiology
4 crs (3-3). F.
P: BIOL 211, or 316, or 103; & one year college chemistry
Not for GE
A study of physiological processes that enable plants to grow under the varied conditions found in nature. Topics include plant metabolism, transport, growth, and development. Labs reinforce principles covered in lecture and expose students to modern research techniques.

338 /538 Vegetation Ecology
4 crs (2-4). Sp.
Not for GE
Minimum junior standing
Field trips
Patterns and processes in vegetation, with an emphasis on the natural vegetation of Wisconsin. Laboratories will include field methods and an introduction to multivariate statistical analyses.

340 /540 Ornithology
3 crs (2-2). Sp.
P: BIOL 211, or 312, or 102, or consent of instructor
Not for GE
Field trips
Anatomy, physiology, taxonomy, behavior, ecology, and evolution of birds. Laboratory and field identification of native species.

345 /545 Invertebrate Zoology
4 crs (2-4). F.
P: BIOL 211, or 312, or 102
Not for GE
Field trips
An introduction to invertebrate animals with emphases on phylogenetic relationships, form, function, and ecology. Laboratory sessions include field trips for the purpose of collecting invertebrate animals and experiments to learn about the biology of invertebrates.

352 /552 Parasitology
4 crs (3-3.5). F, Sp.
P: One semester of a lab course in biology
Not for GE
A survey of protozoan, helminth, and arthropod parasites, emphasizing those affecting humans, host-parasite relationships, and vectors. Animal dissection is required.

353 Biotechnology
3 crs (3-0). V.
GE-IIA
Minimum junior standing
Examination of current biotechnology and future potentials. Focus on products, problems, and the profound impact of this science on individuals and society.

354 Physiological Nutrition
3 crs (3-0). Sp.
P: BIOL 111 or 201
Not for GE
No credit if taken after or concurrently with BIOL 196
In-depth study of nutrition incorporating more physiological and biochemical concepts than introductory nutrition courses. Coverage of nutrients, functions, and sources; metabolism; energy balance; dietary recommendations and relationship of food intake to chronic disease.

355 /555 Vertebrate Embryology
4 crs (2-4). V.
P: BIOL 211, or 312, or 301, or 303, or 314
Not for GE
The developmental process in vertebrates including the storage, transmission, and use of genetic information in patterns of gametogenesis, fertilization, morphogenesis, and organogenesis.

356 /556 Natural History of Vertebrates
4 crs (3-3). V.
P: BIOL 211, or 312, or 102
Not for GE
Two Saturday field trips required
The identification and characteristics of the vertebrate fauna of Wisconsin. Basic ecological principles.

361 /561 Biology of Microorganisms
5 crs (3-4). F, Sp.
P: BIOL 111, or BIOL 102 and one year of chemistry
Not for GE
No credit if credit has been earned in BIOL 250
Study of microbial taxonomy, physiology, genetics, ecology, and morphology with environmental, industrial, agricultural, and medical applications.

362 /562 Field Zoology
3 crs. Su.
P: BIOL 211, or 312, or 102
Not for GE
Field trips and laboratories concerned with habitat observation, collection, and identification of local animals, with emphasis on the invertebrates and cold- blooded vertebrates.

365 /565 Animal Behavior
4 crs (2-4). F.
P: BIOL 211, or 312, or one year of college zoology, or
consent of instructor
Not for GE
Field trips
The concepts and principles of how animals act in achieving their life requirements. Students become acquainted with field and laboratory techniques and equipment used in animal behavior studies. They also design and conduct a study in animal behavior.

369 /569 Herpetology
4 crs (2-4). Sp.
P: BIOL 211, or 312, or 102
Not for GE
Field trips outside class as weather permits
Anatomy, physiology, ecology, evolution, and taxonomy of amphibians and reptiles. Laboratory identification of common North American species and field observations of local species.

375 /575 Limnology and Aquatic Ecology
4 crs (3-3). Sp.
P: BIOL 110 or 102 and 103; CHEM 103 and 104 or 115
Not for GE
Minimum junior standing
Special course fee required
Weekend field trip required
An investigation of the geological, physical, and chemical processes of freshwater systems and their influence on the diversity and productivity of biological populations in lakes. Exploration of current issues by evaluation of case studies.

376 /576 Aquatic Ecology
3-4 crs. V.
P: BIOL 110, or 102 and 103; BIOL 330 or 375 recommended
Not for GE
Minimum junior standing
Two Saturday field trips
Ecology of aquatic organisms in lakes and streams. Emphasis is placed on processes shaping the structure and dynamics of freshwater communities. Laboratory experiments and field trips required.

379 /579 Ichthyology
4 crs (2-4). V.
P: BIOL 211, or 312, or 102
Not for GE
Two Saturday field trips
Anatomy, physiology, taxonomy, behavior, ecology, and evolution of fishes. Laboratory and field identification of local freshwater species.

380 /580 Endocrinology
3 crs (3-0). V.
P: BIOL 211, or 312, or 102, and one year college
chemistry; BIOL 301 or 303 recommended
Not for GE
Study of the relationships between histophysiology, chemistry, and disorders of the endocrine system; its interrelationships with the nervous system and how both contribute to bodily homeostasis.

381 /581 Virology
4.5 crs (3-3). V.
P: BIOL 361
Not for GE
Fundamental principles of virus structure, assembly, replication, and control mechanisms related to the dynamics of virus-cell interactions using specific disease examples. Lecture and laboratory emphasis on modern molecular methods of studying virus systems.

383 /583 Statistical Analysis of Biological Data
3 crs (2-2). Sp.
P: BIOL 110 and 111; MATH 111 or 114
Not for GE
Practical applications of statistics are used to learn concepts and to develop skills. Graphical analysis, parameter estimation, and formal tests of hypotheses performed in the context of real biological studies using powerful statistical software.

384 Biological Investigation
2 crs (1-2). F, Sp.
Not for GE
Instructor approval required
Biological investigation is designed for students participating in undergraduate/faculty collaborative research projects.

385 Undergraduate Seminar
1 cr (1-0). F, Sp.
Not for GE; CP
Minimum senior standing
Presentation of current research topics in student-selected subareas of biology.

392 Horticultural Botany
3 crs (2-2). V.
P: BIOL 100, or 211, or 316, or 103
GE-IIA; LS
Field trips required; one Saturday all-day trip.
Botanical theory as applied to horticultural practices and problems.

395 Directed Studies
1-3 crs.
Not for GE
Minimum sophomore standing
May be repeated - additional restrictions may apply
Get form from department office
Directed study of a question or problem of biological interest, approved by the supervising faculty and the department chair.

396 Honors Research
1-7 crs. F, Sp, Su.
P: 12 credits and 3.50 GPA in Biology courses
Not for GE
Minimum junior standing
Minimum resident and total GPA of 3.30
Course may be taken for a maximum of 7 credits
Individual research project under the direction of a research adviser.

399 Independent Study - Juniors
1-3 crs.
Not for GE
Minimum junior standing
May be repeated - additional restrictions may apply
Get form from department office
Independent study projects under the direction of a faculty member.

401 /601 Recombinant DNA Techniques
4 crs (2-8). Sp.
P: BIOL 302 and 304; CHEM 352 or 452 and 453
Not for GE
Instructor approval required
A laboratory course designed to teach methods of cloning and analyzing DNA. Includes purification, restriction, separation, labelling of nucleic acids; cloning in phage and plasmid vectors; selecting and analyzing clones; DNA sequencing; transcript analysis.

402 /602 Current Topics in Virology and Immunology
4 crs (4-0). F.
P: BIOL 300, CHEM 321, and one of the following: BIOL 302
304, 361, CHEM 352 or 452
Not for GE
Lectures and readings in immunology and virology. Emphasis on the mode of thinking and reasoning that led to earlier solutions. Discussions of current advances in the fields.

404 /604 Pathophysiology
3 crs (3-0). V.
P: BIOL 303, or 314, or 301, or 317
Not for GE
No credit if taken after BIOL 202
Minimum junior standing
Study of systemic pathophysiology including disorders of each system of the human body.

409 /609 Molecular Genetics
4 crs (4-0). F.
P: BIOL 304 and CHEM 452
Not for GE
Molecular genetics comprehensively integrates biochemistry, molecular, and cellular biology and serves as the culminating biochemistry/molecular biology course. Topics include genomics, developmental genetic systems, organelle genomes, evolutionary genetics, immunogenetics, and medical genetics.

410 /610 Mammalogy
3 crs (2-2). V.
P: One year of college zoology or consent of instructor
Not for GE
Field trips required
Morphology, classification, history, ecology, behavior, and economic importance of mammals, particularly those of Wisconsin.

412 /612 Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Seminar
1 cr (1-0). F, Sp.
Not for GE; CP
Credit cannot be earned in both BIOL 412 and CHEM 412
Instructor approval required
A weekly seminar series in biochemistry/molecular biology. Presentations by UW-Eau Claire students and faculty and invited speakers are based on original research or recently published papers. All enrolled students give one talk.

420 /620 Electron Microscopy
4 crs (2-4). V.
Not for GE
Enrollment limited to six students
Instructor approval required
Current theories and methods in electron microscopy. Emphasis on preparation of biological specimens including tissue fixation, embedding, ultrathin sectioning, and staining, and in operation of transmission and scanning electron microscopes.

425 /625 Ecosystem Ecology
3 crs (3-0). Sp.
P: BIOL 211, or 312 and 316
Not for GE
Minimum junior standing
Field trip(s) required
An investigation of the structure, function, and regulation of ecosystems. We trace the history of the ecosystem concept and explore the fundamental interconnections among the physical and biological components of each of the earth’s biomes.

460 /660 Developmental Biology
4 crs (3-3). V.
P: BIOL 302, or 304, or consent of instructor
Not for GE
A study of the molecular mechanisms underlying embryogenesis focusing on fertilization, embryonic patterning, cellular differentiation, and organogenesis. Emphasis placed on current experimental techniques and primary literature.

470 /670 Neurobiology
4 crs (3-3). V.
P: BIOL 211 or 312
Not for GE
Basic mechanisms in physiology and development of nervous systems. Introduction to neural systems and their behavioral correlates. Neuroscience methods. Students apply physical and chemical principles to understand nervous system function.

485 Issues in Biology
2 crs (2-0). V.
P: Limited to biology majors and minors
Not for GE; CP
No credit if taken after BIOL 385 or 497
Minimum senior standing
Senior groups will use their education to locate and evaluate research on selected issues. Groups will produce a scholarly background paper, a creative presentation, and lead a discussion.

486 /686 Comparative Vertebrate Histology
4 crs (2-4). F.
P: BIOL 211, or 312, or 102; BIOL 301 or 303 recommended
Not for GE
Minimum junior standing
Detailed study of the microscopic structure and function of animal tissues.

490 Biological Field Studies
1-4 crs.
P: One introductory and one upper division biology course
Not for GE
Course may be taken for a maximum of 4 credits
Instructor approval required
Extended travel to study field biology. Students record notes and data in the field and submit final written and/or oral reports. Field identification quizzes may also be required.

491 Special Topics
1-3 crs.
Not for GE
Minimum junior standing
May be repeated - additional restrictions may apply
Lectures, laboratory, or field study covering specific areas not normally discussed in regular classes, and of special interest to students or faculty.

496 Teaching Apprenticeship
1-2 crs. F, Wi, Sp, Su.
P: Sixteen credits in biology including the course to be
apprenticed with a grade of B or above and 3.00 GPA or
higher in biology coursework; limited to biology
majors
SL-Full; Not for GE; CP
S/U only grade basis
Minimum senior standing
Course may be taken for a maximum of 4 credits
No more than two credits can be counted toward a biology major or minor. A total of four credits may be taken between this course and BIOL 296.
Instructor approval required
For qualified students, selected and supervised by faculty members, to facilitate teaching and learning in a specific course. Apprentices enhance their knowledge of biology and their ability to communicate that knowledge to other students.

497 Senior Research Seminar
1 cr (1-0).
P: BIOL 395 or 399 or 499 or consent of instructor;
limited to biology majors and minors
Not for GE; CP
No credit if taken after BIOL 385 or 485
Minimum senior standing
Capstone for biology majors involved in field or laboratory research. Student will present independent research through an oral presentation or poster given at Student Research Days.

498 Internship in Biology
1-3 crs. F, Sp, Su.
SL-Full; Not for GE
S/U only grade basis
Minimum junior standing
Course may be taken for a maximum of 6 credits
Does not count in the 36-credit biology major or the 24- credit biology minor.
Get form from department office
Provides supervised on-the-job experience in a biologically-related area of interest.

499 Independent Study - Seniors
1-3 crs.
Not for GE
Minimum senior standing
May be repeated - additional restrictions may apply
Get form from department office
Independent study projects under the direction of a faculty member.

702 History and Philosophy of Biology
2 crs (2-0).
An examination of the scientists, discoveries, and events that have influenced the development of the science of biology.

704 Research Techniques
2 crs.
This is a non-thesis course.
Theory and practice in the solving of problems encountered in biological research. Emphasis on searching the literature, biometrics, experimental design, and scientific writing.

730 Advanced Ecology
2-3 crs (2-2).
P: BIOL 330/530 or 338/538; one semester college MATH
Advanced training in ecology using field and analytical techniques.

785 Graduate Seminar
1 cr. Sp.
Course may be taken for a maximum of 2 credits
Provides graduate students an opportunity to present scientific papers, hear those of other graduate students and faculty, and discuss current research.

791 Directed Studies
1-3 crs. F, Sp, Su.
Course may be taken 3 times
Consent of instructor
Lectures, laboratory, or field study covering specific areas not normally included in regular classes, and of special interest to students and/or faculty.

795 Research Paper
1-2 crs. F, Sp, Su.
May be repeated - additional restrictions may apply

797 Independent Study
1-3 crs. F, Sp, Su.
May be repeated - additional restrictions may apply
Get form from department office
Independent study projects under direction of a faculty member.

799 Thesis
1-6 crs. F, Sp, Su.
Course may be taken for a maximum of 6 credits