Hegemony Modeled
I developed this model of hegemony and counterhegemony from the
writings of Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci and subsequent theorists such
as Raymond Williams and Todd Gitlin. Starting in the middle and working
clockwise, the model indicates that coercion is the least important
component of hegemony, which is primarily a transparent process, as
indicated by the boxes with dashed outlines. The dashed arrows indicate
that outsiders who do
not negotiate are marginalized, and those who still do not conform become
part of the counterculture, which may launch a counterhegemonic effort to
regain power. The counterhegemonic process is represented by the
shaded boxes that flow counterclockwise from the
counterculture box. 
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