1. Alice Kessler-Harris, Women Have Always Worked, A Historical Overview (Old Westbury, New York: The Feminist Press, 1981).
2. Ibid., 4.
3. Maxine L. Margolis, Mothers and Such: Views of American Women and Why they Changed (Berkely: University of California Press, 1984), 191.
4. Ibid., 191.
5. Ibid., 191.
6. Ibid., 191.
7. Ibid., 193.
8. Ibid., 193.
9. Janet Harris, Thursday’s Daughters: The Story of Women Working in America (New York: Harper & Row, 1977), 38-9.
10. Margolis, Mothers and Such, 195.
11. Ibid., 195.
12. Ibid., 197.
13. Kessler-Harris, Women Have Always Worked, 14, 67.
14. Margolis, Mothers and Such, 200.
15. Ibid., 201.
16. Ibid., 203.
17. Ibid., 203.
18. Ibid., 205.
19. Ibid., 205.
20. Kessler-Harris, Women Have Always Worked, 126.
21. Ellen Skinner, Women and the National Experience: Primary Sources in American History (New York: Longman Publishers, 2003), 171.
22. Ibid., 171.
23. Margolis, Mothers and Such, 205.
24. Ibid., 209.
25. Skinner, Women and the National Experience, 194.
26. Margolis, Mothers and Such, 211.
27. Ibid., 210.
28. Leila J. Rupp, Mobilizing Women for War: German and American Propaganda, 1939-1945 (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1978), 73.
29. Margolis, Mothers and Such, 209.
30. Maureen Honey, Creating Rosie the Riveter: Class, Gender and Propaganda during World War II (Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1984), 29.
31. “Enrollment Campaigns for Woman Workers, 1942,” Monthly Labor Review, March 1943, 488.
32. Rupp, Mobilizing Women for War, 97.
33. J. C. Furnas, “Woman Power,” Ladies Home Journal, November 1942, 20.
34. U.S. Office of War Information, In cooperation with U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. Coast Guard, War Manpower Commission, Women in the war: for the final push to victory, 1944, 1-2.
35. Ibid, 2.
36. Nancy F. Cott, editor, No Small Courage: A History of Women in the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 476.
37. Rupp, Mobilizing Women for War, 94.
38. Frances Maule, “Womanpower Number,” Independent Woman, September 1943, 257.
39. Ibid.
40. The Energy to Make Things Better (Minneapolis: Northern States Powers, 1999), 65.
41. Records of the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railroad, Eau Claire Depot, 1880-1969, Eau Claire Micro 27, Eau Claire Area Research Center, University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin.
42. Minnie L. Maffett, M.D., “Mobilizing Womanpower,” Independent Woman, December 1942, 356, 380.
43. Dorothy Parker, “Are We Women or Are We Mice?” Readers Digest, July 1943, 71.
44. Florence Hall, “The Nation’s Crops Need You,” Independent Woman, July 1945, 187; “Women Join the ‘Field Artillery’ as International Harvester Dealers Teach Power Farming to an Army of ‘Tractorettes’,” Life Magazine, 31 August 1942.
45. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 7 May 1942, 1.
46. “War Work of the U.S. Women’s Bureau,” Monthly Labor Review, December 1942, 1183.
47. U.S. Employment Service, Occupational Analysis Section, Occupation Suitable for Women, February 1942.
48. U.S. Office of War Information, Magazine Section, War Jobs for Women, 1942; U.S. War Manpower Commission, U.S. Employment Service, Answers to Questions Women Ask About War Work, 1943.
49. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 12 June 1941, 2.
50. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 13 June 1941, 2.
51. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 29 March 1941, 2.
52. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 28 March 1941, 3.
53. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 24 July 1941, 2.
54. Ibid.
55. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 9 January 1942, 2.
56. “Postwar Horizons,” Newsweek, 23 August 1943, 52.
57. “Standards For Women’s Employment in Wartime,” Monthly Labor Review, June 1943, 1120.
58. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 21 July 1942, 8.
59. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 24 November 1944.
60. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 22 May 1942, 7.
61. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 23 January 1943, 2.
62. “Sex in the Factory.” Time Magazine, 14 September 1942, 21.
63. Ibid.
64. “A New Headache: Infiltration of women workers into war plants turns management’s eyes forcibly from employee morale to morals,” Business Week, 17 October 1942.
65. “Women at Work For Their Uncle Sam,” Life Magazine, 19 January 1942, 58.
66. The Energy to Make Things Better (Minneapolis: Northern States Powers, 1999), 65.
67. Records of the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railroad, Eau Claire Depot, 1880-1969, Eau Claire Micro 27, Eau Claire Area Research Center, University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin.
68. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 1 May 1942, 7.
69. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 19 February 1942, 1.
70. “Females in Factories.” Time Magazine, 17 July 1942, 60.
71. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 25 July 1941, 4.
72. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 7 May 1942, 1.
73. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 2 May 1942, 7.
74. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 22 July 1942, 10.
75. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 12 January 1943, 1.
76. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 13 May 1942, 8; 28 May 1942, 2.
77. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 11 July 1942, 2; 15 July 1942, 2; 4 January 1943, 3.
78. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 27 May 1942, 12.
79. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 14 January 1943, 8.
80. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 15 January 1942, 8.
81. “Good Night, Ladies!” Newsweek, 23 August 1943, 46.
82. Mary J. Schweitzer, “World War II and Female Labor Force Participation Rates,” The Journal of Economic History 40 (March 1980), 93.
83. Cott, No Small Courage, 479.
84. “Eight Hour Orphans: providing care for children whose mothers must become war workers,” Saturday Evening Post, 10 October 1942, 20.
85. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 15 August 1942, 2.
86. Frieda A. Miller, “What’s Become of Rosie the Riveter?” New York Times Magazine, 5 May 1946, 21.
87. Gladys L. Palmer, “Women’s Place in Industry,” Current History, January 1944, 19.
88. Nell Giles, “What About the Women?” Ladies Home Journal, June 1944, 23.
89. Ruth Young and Catherine Filene Shouse, “The Woman Worker Speaks,” Independent Woman, October 1945, 275.
90. Ibid.
91. “Give Back Their Jobs,” Woman’s Home Companion, October 1943, 6.
92. Dorothy Thompson, “The Stake of Women in Full Postwar Employment,” Ladies Home Journal, April 1944, 6, 183.)
93. A. G. Mezerik, “Getting Rid of the Women,” Atlantic Monthly, June 1945, 81.
94. Lucy Greenbaum, “The Women Who ‘Need’ To Work,” New York Times Magazine, 29 April 1945, 16.
95. Colston E. Warne, “The Reconversion of Women,” Current History, March 1945, 203.
96. A. G. Mezerik, “Getting Rid of the Women,” Atlantic Monthly, June 1945, 81.
97. “Recommendations on Separation of Women from Wartime Jobs,” Monthly Labor Review, September 1945, 506.
98. A. G. Mezerik, “Getting Rid of the Women,” Atlantic Monthly, June 1945, 81.
99. Skinner, Women and the National Experience, 206.
100. Susan M. Hartmann, The Home Front and Beyond: American Women in the 1940’s (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1995), 169.
101. Dorothy Stratton, “Women After the War,” Independent Woman, October 1945, 279.
102. The Parent-Teacher Organization: Its Origins and Development (Chicago: National Congress of Parents and Teachers, 1944), 41.
103. Charlene K. Haar, The Politics of the PTA (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2002), 54.
104. The Parent-Teacher Organization: Its Origins and Development (Chicago: National Congress of Parents and Teachers, 1944), x.
105. Ibid., 12.
106. National Parent Teacher Magazine, October 1953, 106.
107. National Parent Teacher Magazine, April 1959
108. Theda Skocpol and Morris P. Fiorina, Civic Engagement in American Democracy (Washington, D.C.: New York: Brookings Institution Press, 1999), 257.
109. Ibid.
110. National Parent Teacher Magazine, January 1954, 3.
111. “Girl Scout History,” Retrieved November 20, 2003 from the World Wide Web: http://www.girlscouts.org/about/history.html
112. “Girl Scouts Celebrate Their 35th Anniversary,” Independent Woman, March 1947, 78.
113. “A Matter of Patriotism.” Newsweek, 16 August 1954.
114. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 12 January 1943, 2.
115. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 2 May 1944, 4.
116. Chippewa Herald-Telegram (Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin), 16 January 1943, 2.
117. Ibid.
118. Mary Degenhardt and Judith Kirsch, Girl Scout Collector’s Guide: 75 Years of Uniforms, Insignia, Publications and Keepsakes (Lombard, Illinois: Wallace-Homestead, 1987), 93-101.
119. Wisconsin Federation of Women’s Clubs, 9th District, Records, 1917-2000, Eau Claire Mss AI, Eau Claire Area Research Center, University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin.
120. Ibid.
121. Ibid.
122. Ibid.
123. League of Women Voters (Eau Claire, Wisconsin), Papers, 1960-1963, Eau Claire Small Collection 9, Location: 13/1a, Special Collections Area Research Center, University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin.
124. Eau Claire Leader (Eau Claire, Wisconsin), 2 November 1961, 1.
125. “Test: A Tentative-and Probable-Yes.” Newsweek, 13 November 1961, 21-2.
126. Ibid.
127. Ibid.
128. Cecil Brown, “What’s Going to Happen to our Women Workers?” Good Housekeeping, December 1943, 80.
129. Neil A. Wynn, “The ‘Good War’: The Second World War and Postwar American Society,” Journal of Contemporary History, 31 (July 1996), 478.