The Spanish were the first Europeans to explore and control the Southwest. Throughout the Spanish empire, they established missions (Spanish settlements consisting mainly of Indians and some Europeans such as priests, soldiers, and craftspeople) and presidios (Spanish military posts). Tucson, AZ, has such Spanish settlement examples.

Tucson illustrates the contrast between Anglos and Latinos, between affluent and poor, so typical of the Southwest in general.
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Since the building of steel fences and the increase in the number of Border Patrol along the California-Mexico border, illegal migrants have been crossing along the 370-mile Arizona border, which is now the most vulnerable stretch of the 2,000-mile southern border. Of the 1.1 million illegal immigrants apprehended by the U.S. Border Patrol last year (2004), 51 percent crossed into the USA along the Arizona border. In response to as many as 1,000 volunteer vigilantes who planned to search for illegal immigrants along a 40-mile stretch of the Arizona border, about 155 agents will be immediately sent to Arizona, according to Homeland Security Department officials. More than 370 additional agents -- all new trainees -- will be permanently assigned to the Arizona border throughout the year. Until they are in place, another 200 agents will be temporarily stationed in Arizona during the high immigration season this spring and summer, officials said. Source: The San Diego Union-Tribune, Sunday, 27 March 2005 and CNN.com, Tuesday, 29 March 2005.
 

The Desert Museum captures the beauty of this arid region of the USA, which is particularly beautiful in the Spring (March when these photos were taken). With irrigation (All-American Canal, in this example), the desert can grow many crops, such as dates in Dateland, AZ.